Researchers at Laser Zentrum Hannover e.V. (LZH) are developing a robust laser system to support improved monitoring of greenhouse gases from space, with a particular focus on carbon dioxide, as part of the European Union–funded HALLOA initiative. The work is intended to generate more precise atmospheric data to improve understanding of human-induced climate change while strengthening Europe’s technological independence in climate observation infrastructure. 
The laser system is being developed for future space-based measurements of carbon dioxide concentrations and distributions. Accurate, high-resolution greenhouse gas data is essential for tracking emission trends and assessing the effectiveness of mitigation strategies and policy measures over time.
LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) systems use laser pulses to measure distances and velocities and can also be adapted to detect trace gases and aerosols in the atmosphere. Within the HALLOA project, this capability is applied specifically to carbon dioxide monitoring, supporting long-term climate observation objectives.
Within the EU-project HALLOA, scientists at LZH test laser faser amplifiers and other components to ensure their space qualifications. (Photo courtesy of LZH)
The system architecture follows a hybrid approach that combines fiber-optic and free-space laser technologies. Fiber-based systems offer compact designs, flexibility, and low maintenance requirements, while free-space designs provide greater potential for power scaling. By integrating both approaches, the project aims to reduce overall system complexity and accelerate development compared with conventional space-based laser systems.
To achieve the required performance, project partners are working with both fiber and solid-state amplifiers. A key technical objective is the development of a pulsed thulium fiber amplifier operating at a wavelength of 2.05 µm in the near-infrared range, which is well suited for carbon dioxide detection. The goal is to demonstrate a prototype reaching Technology Readiness Level (TRL) 6 using exclusively European components.
To prepare the system for space operation, the consortium is defining a potential future mission concept and developing requirements for the associated measurement system, including optomechanical design and high-power laser diodes emitting at 790 nm, which are required to operate the fiber amplifiers. These elements are then integrated into a complete hybrid laser system.
Within the project, LZH is responsible for qualification testing of individual components and the developed fiber amplifier. Testing includes vibration and shock, thermal cycling, and radiation exposure. Over a three-year period, the system is scheduled to advance from Technology Readiness Level (TRL) 4 to TRL 6, supporting readiness for future space-based greenhouse gas monitoring missions.
The HALLOA project is led by ONERA (Office national d’études et de recherches aérospatiales) and brings together six research institutes and companies from three European countries. Partners include Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique, Laser Zentrum Hannover e.V., Keopsys Industries, Lumibird Photonics Italia Srl, and Erdyn Consultants SAS. The project is funded under the European Union’s Horizon Europe research and innovation program under grant agreement No. 101189970.
Through the HALLOA project, the work at Laser Zentrum Hannover underscores how space-based laser technologies can play a growing role in improving the accuracy, reliability, and independence of greenhouse gas monitoring infrastructure needed to support long-term climate action.
About Laser Zentrum Hannover e.V. (LZH)
Laser Zentrum Hannover e.V. is an independent research institute specializing in laser development, optical technologies, and photonics-based applications. LZH conducts applied research supporting industrial innovation, environmental monitoring, and space-qualified photonic systems. For more information, please click here.
About HALLOA
HALLOA (Hybrid Amplifier Laser for LIDAR OperAtions) is a collaborative European research initiative funded under the European Union’s Horizon Europe program. Led by ONERA, the project focuses on developing hybrid laser amplifier technologies to support space-based greenhouse gas monitoring and strengthen Europe’s climate observation capabilities. To learn more, please click here.
Source/Photo Credit: Laser Zentrum Hannover e.V. (LZH)
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